Ideal points
A model-based summary of each country's voting position in the General Assembly, year by year, from Bailey, Strezhnev and Voeten. It is a statistical estimate with a margin of error, not a measurement of anything beyond voting.
How to read this. The model places every country on one line using how it voted on all recorded General Assembly votes; countries that vote alike sit close together, and a country moves when its voting changes relative to others. The line is a single dimension, so it compresses many issues into one, and it says nothing about why countries vote as they do. The shaded band is the 90% credible interval: where bands overlap, the data cannot separate the countries. Values for Russia before 1992 are the Soviet Union's (the dataset codes the Soviet seat under Russia).
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Data table
| Country | Year | Ideal point | 90% interval | Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 1971 | -0.97 | -1.52 to -0.51 | 48 |
| China | 1972 | -0.55 | -0.96 to -0.15 | 73 |
| China | 1973 | -0.46 | -0.84 to -0.09 | 67 |
| China | 1974 | -0.88 | -1.39 to -0.45 | 53 |
| China | 1975 | -0.27 | -0.62 to 0.05 | 60 |
| China | 1976 | -1.02 | -1.37 to -0.66 | 74 |
| China | 1977 | -0.86 | -1.42 to -0.30 | 62 |
| China | 1978 | -0.08 | -0.41 to 0.21 | 74 |
| China | 1979 | -0.13 | -0.36 to 0.07 | 146 |
| China | 1980 | -0.04 | -0.25 to 0.16 | 95 |
| China | 1981 | -0.16 | -0.34 to 0.02 | 144 |
| China | 1982 | 0.01 | -0.13 to 0.14 | 173 |
| China | 1983 | -0.01 | -0.14 to 0.11 | 164 |
| China | 1984 | -0.27 | -0.39 to -0.15 | 183 |
| China | 1985 | -0.09 | -0.20 to 0.03 | 186 |
| China | 1986 | -0.22 | -0.34 to -0.10 | 187 |
| China | 1987 | -0.10 | -0.25 to 0.04 | 158 |
| China | 1988 | -0.28 | -0.46 to -0.11 | 157 |
| China | 1989 | -0.40 | -0.62 to -0.21 | 137 |
| China | 1990 | -0.29 | -0.54 to -0.05 | 97 |
| China | 1991 | -0.55 | -0.85 to -0.30 | 80 |
| China | 1992 | -0.70 | -1.05 to -0.38 | 77 |
| China | 1993 | -1.78 | -2.11 to -1.44 | 69 |
| China | 1994 | -1.74 | -2.06 to -1.42 | 82 |
| China | 1995 | -1.96 | -2.27 to -1.66 | 89 |
| China | 1996 | -1.38 | -1.70 to -1.06 | 87 |
| China | 1997 | -1.22 | -1.51 to -0.93 | 85 |
| China | 1998 | -0.51 | -0.73 to -0.31 | 78 |
| China | 1999 | -0.80 | -1.03 to -0.58 | 94 |
| China | 2000 | -1.12 | -1.35 to -0.89 | 83 |
| China | 2001 | -0.85 | -1.08 to -0.62 | 87 |
| China | 2002 | -1.32 | -1.55 to -1.10 | 130 |
| China | 2003 | -0.93 | -1.23 to -0.64 | 95 |
| China | 2004 | -0.86 | -1.12 to -0.61 | 90 |
| China | 2005 | -0.80 | -1.00 to -0.60 | 99 |
| China | 2006 | -0.74 | -0.95 to -0.53 | 108 |
| China | 2007 | -0.56 | -0.78 to -0.35 | 94 |
| China | 2008 | -0.69 | -0.89 to -0.49 | 97 |
| China | 2009 | -0.51 | -0.71 to -0.31 | 85 |
| China | 2010 | -0.98 | -1.27 to -0.71 | 92 |
| China | 2011 | -0.60 | -0.80 to -0.39 | 99 |
| China | 2012 | -0.99 | -1.22 to -0.76 | 92 |
| China | 2013 | -0.64 | -0.83 to -0.45 | 93 |
| China | 2014 | -0.82 | -1.06 to -0.59 | 97 |
| China | 2015 | -0.52 | -0.72 to -0.31 | 94 |
| China | 2016 | -0.89 | -1.04 to -0.73 | 120 |
| China | 2017 | -0.21 | -0.36 to -0.05 | 126 |
| China | 2018 | -0.79 | -0.93 to -0.65 | 192 |
| China | 2019 | -0.66 | -0.81 to -0.50 | 172 |
| China | 2020 | -0.84 | -0.99 to -0.69 | 181 |
| China | 2021 | -0.98 | -1.11 to -0.86 | 172 |
| China | 2022 | -1.41 | -1.55 to -1.28 | 192 |
| China | 2023 | -1.20 | -1.30 to -1.11 | 230 |
| France | 1946 | 0.50 | 0.07 to 0.92 | 39 |
| France | 1947 | 1.04 | 0.67 to 1.42 | 36 |
| France | 1948 | 1.23 | 0.93 to 1.56 | 60 |
| France | 1949 | 1.12 | 0.88 to 1.37 | 96 |
| France | 1950 | 1.27 | 0.95 to 1.59 | 50 |
| France | 1951 | 1.25 | 0.80 to 1.75 | 5 |
| France | 1952 | 2.13 | 1.80 to 2.49 | 62 |
| France | 1953 | 2.35 | 1.94 to 2.81 | 17 |
| France | 1954 | 2.57 | 1.93 to 3.25 | 25 |
| France | 1955 | 1.69 | 1.23 to 2.19 | 16 |
| France | 1956 | 2.20 | 1.70 to 2.70 | 39 |
| France | 1957 | 2.13 | 1.71 to 2.58 | 43 |
| France | 1958 | 2.21 | 1.80 to 2.61 | 27 |
| France | 1959 | 2.07 | 1.70 to 2.45 | 44 |
| France | 1960 | 2.13 | 1.78 to 2.53 | 35 |
| France | 1961 | 1.43 | 1.23 to 1.64 | 95 |
| France | 1962 | 1.53 | 1.31 to 1.76 | 60 |
| France | 1963 | 1.23 | 0.91 to 1.56 | 31 |
| France | 1965 | 1.49 | 1.25 to 1.75 | 40 |
| France | 1966 | 1.30 | 1.06 to 1.52 | 47 |
| France | 1967 | 0.67 | 0.47 to 0.88 | 53 |
| France | 1968 | 1.19 | 0.97 to 1.43 | 53 |
| France | 1969 | 1.59 | 1.35 to 1.86 | 42 |
| France | 1970 | 1.58 | 1.39 to 1.78 | 63 |
| France | 1971 | 1.41 | 1.27 to 1.56 | 115 |
| France | 1972 | 1.71 | 1.53 to 1.90 | 94 |
| France | 1973 | 1.82 | 1.64 to 2.00 | 86 |
| France | 1974 | 1.25 | 1.05 to 1.44 | 72 |
| France | 1975 | 1.59 | 1.40 to 1.78 | 88 |
| France | 1976 | 2.19 | 1.98 to 2.40 | 91 |
| France | 1977 | 1.83 | 1.66 to 2.01 | 94 |
| France | 1978 | 1.61 | 1.46 to 1.77 | 119 |
| France | 1979 | 1.85 | 1.72 to 1.99 | 179 |
| France | 1980 | 1.89 | 1.74 to 2.03 | 114 |
| France | 1981 | 1.73 | 1.59 to 1.88 | 168 |
| France | 1982 | 1.66 | 1.54 to 1.79 | 198 |
| France | 1983 | 1.64 | 1.52 to 1.76 | 178 |
| France | 1984 | 1.77 | 1.65 to 1.89 | 190 |
| France | 1985 | 1.93 | 1.82 to 2.05 | 195 |
| France | 1986 | 2.01 | 1.89 to 2.13 | 194 |
| France | 1987 | 2.06 | 1.93 to 2.19 | 161 |
| France | 1988 | 2.08 | 1.96 to 2.20 | 160 |
| France | 1989 | 2.11 | 1.97 to 2.26 | 139 |
| France | 1990 | 2.25 | 2.08 to 2.42 | 96 |
| France | 1991 | 1.86 | 1.65 to 2.06 | 83 |
| France | 1992 | 1.75 | 1.55 to 1.93 | 81 |
| France | 1993 | 1.96 | 1.75 to 2.16 | 74 |
| France | 1994 | 1.98 | 1.75 to 2.21 | 88 |
| France | 1995 | 1.75 | 1.51 to 1.98 | 93 |
| France | 1996 | 1.83 | 1.59 to 2.07 | 90 |
| France | 1997 | 1.81 | 1.56 to 2.05 | 91 |
| France | 1998 | 1.61 | 1.40 to 1.81 | 81 |
| France | 1999 | 1.57 | 1.39 to 1.75 | 96 |
| France | 2000 | 1.44 | 1.24 to 1.64 | 79 |
| France | 2001 | 1.52 | 1.32 to 1.71 | 87 |
| France | 2002 | 1.36 | 1.23 to 1.51 | 131 |
| France | 2003 | 1.47 | 1.29 to 1.65 | 97 |
| France | 2004 | 1.41 | 1.24 to 1.60 | 91 |
| France | 2005 | 1.42 | 1.25 to 1.60 | 101 |
| France | 2006 | 1.45 | 1.30 to 1.61 | 110 |
| France | 2007 | 1.51 | 1.37 to 1.66 | 95 |
| France | 2008 | 1.42 | 1.25 to 1.59 | 99 |
| France | 2009 | 1.36 | 1.19 to 1.53 | 86 |
| France | 2010 | 1.42 | 1.25 to 1.58 | 93 |
| France | 2011 | 1.41 | 1.22 to 1.59 | 101 |
| France | 2012 | 1.50 | 1.32 to 1.68 | 94 |
| France | 2013 | 1.52 | 1.33 to 1.71 | 94 |
| France | 2014 | 1.50 | 1.33 to 1.67 | 98 |
| France | 2015 | 1.57 | 1.38 to 1.76 | 95 |
| France | 2016 | 1.49 | 1.30 to 1.70 | 121 |
| France | 2017 | 1.67 | 1.49 to 1.86 | 126 |
| France | 2018 | 1.63 | 1.46 to 1.79 | 194 |
| France | 2019 | 1.57 | 1.42 to 1.74 | 176 |
| France | 2020 | 1.62 | 1.43 to 1.80 | 182 |
| France | 2021 | 1.63 | 1.46 to 1.82 | 171 |
| France | 2022 | 1.31 | 1.13 to 1.49 | 195 |
| France | 2023 | 1.49 | 1.33 to 1.64 | 232 |
| India | 1946 | -0.67 | -1.05 to -0.28 | 39 |
| India | 1947 | -1.10 | -1.54 to -0.66 | 35 |
| India | 1948 | 0.11 | -0.17 to 0.37 | 57 |
| India | 1949 | -0.29 | -0.51 to -0.09 | 96 |
| India | 1950 | -0.53 | -0.82 to -0.24 | 50 |
| India | 1951 | -0.75 | -1.12 to -0.32 | 5 |
| India | 1952 | -0.59 | -0.86 to -0.31 | 64 |
| India | 1953 | -0.77 | -1.26 to -0.31 | 24 |
| India | 1954 | -1.34 | -1.93 to -0.84 | 26 |
| India | 1955 | -1.46 | -2.11 to -0.85 | 21 |
| India | 1956 | -1.07 | -1.35 to -0.81 | 39 |
| India | 1957 | -0.71 | -1.05 to -0.39 | 44 |
| India | 1958 | -0.89 | -1.28 to -0.53 | 30 |
| India | 1959 | -0.58 | -0.94 to -0.26 | 51 |
| India | 1960 | -1.17 | -1.56 to -0.82 | 40 |
| India | 1961 | -0.59 | -0.80 to -0.38 | 98 |
| India | 1962 | -0.01 | -0.19 to 0.16 | 60 |
| India | 1963 | -0.35 | -0.70 to -0.02 | 31 |
| India | 1965 | -0.06 | -0.35 to 0.20 | 40 |
| India | 1966 | -0.53 | -0.84 to -0.24 | 49 |
| India | 1967 | -0.82 | -1.10 to -0.54 | 54 |
| India | 1968 | -0.58 | -0.93 to -0.23 | 52 |
| India | 1969 | -0.54 | -0.93 to -0.15 | 42 |
| India | 1970 | -0.33 | -0.60 to -0.06 | 63 |
| India | 1971 | -0.81 | -1.12 to -0.51 | 113 |
| India | 1972 | -0.58 | -0.92 to -0.24 | 98 |
| India | 1973 | -0.32 | -0.63 to 0.00 | 86 |
| India | 1974 | -0.89 | -1.32 to -0.50 | 72 |
| India | 1975 | -0.21 | -0.48 to 0.04 | 90 |
| India | 1976 | -0.27 | -0.59 to 0.04 | 93 |
| India | 1977 | -0.13 | -0.44 to 0.15 | 94 |
| India | 1978 | 0.02 | -0.20 to 0.24 | 119 |
| India | 1979 | -0.27 | -0.48 to -0.09 | 179 |
| India | 1980 | -0.52 | -0.73 to -0.31 | 114 |
| India | 1981 | -0.35 | -0.52 to -0.19 | 168 |
| India | 1982 | -0.61 | -0.79 to -0.43 | 199 |
| India | 1983 | -0.34 | -0.50 to -0.19 | 179 |
| India | 1984 | -0.61 | -0.75 to -0.49 | 190 |
| India | 1985 | -0.59 | -0.74 to -0.42 | 196 |
| India | 1986 | -0.80 | -0.99 to -0.63 | 195 |
| India | 1987 | -0.67 | -0.89 to -0.46 | 163 |
| India | 1988 | -0.72 | -0.94 to -0.49 | 165 |
| India | 1989 | -0.71 | -0.93 to -0.48 | 140 |
| India | 1990 | -0.84 | -1.24 to -0.48 | 98 |
| India | 1991 | -0.61 | -0.86 to -0.36 | 85 |
| India | 1992 | -0.68 | -0.99 to -0.37 | 84 |
| India | 1993 | -1.01 | -1.30 to -0.73 | 74 |
| India | 1994 | -1.51 | -1.78 to -1.24 | 90 |
| India | 1995 | -1.84 | -2.14 to -1.55 | 94 |
| India | 1996 | -1.70 | -2.05 to -1.36 | 91 |
| India | 1997 | -0.77 | -1.04 to -0.51 | 91 |
| India | 1998 | -0.52 | -0.77 to -0.30 | 83 |
| India | 1999 | -0.55 | -0.77 to -0.34 | 96 |
| India | 2000 | -0.61 | -0.88 to -0.34 | 84 |
| India | 2001 | -0.50 | -0.74 to -0.28 | 87 |
| India | 2002 | -0.47 | -0.65 to -0.31 | 133 |
| India | 2003 | -0.06 | -0.23 to 0.10 | 97 |
| India | 2004 | -0.37 | -0.56 to -0.19 | 92 |
| India | 2005 | -0.16 | -0.32 to -0.02 | 101 |
| India | 2006 | -0.38 | -0.57 to -0.21 | 110 |
| India | 2007 | -0.27 | -0.43 to -0.12 | 96 |
| India | 2008 | -0.39 | -0.57 to -0.22 | 98 |
| India | 2009 | -0.24 | -0.40 to -0.08 | 86 |
| India | 2010 | -0.46 | -0.69 to -0.23 | 93 |
| India | 2011 | -0.30 | -0.50 to -0.13 | 101 |
| India | 2012 | -0.58 | -0.82 to -0.34 | 94 |
| India | 2013 | -0.70 | -0.89 to -0.53 | 94 |
| India | 2014 | -0.83 | -1.08 to -0.59 | 97 |
| India | 2015 | -0.25 | -0.43 to -0.08 | 95 |
| India | 2016 | -0.76 | -0.93 to -0.61 | 121 |
| India | 2017 | -0.05 | -0.19 to 0.09 | 126 |
| India | 2018 | -0.38 | -0.50 to -0.25 | 192 |
| India | 2019 | -0.10 | -0.22 to 0.02 | 176 |
| India | 2020 | -0.09 | -0.20 to 0.01 | 183 |
| India | 2021 | -0.28 | -0.38 to -0.18 | 173 |
| India | 2022 | -0.39 | -0.48 to -0.31 | 195 |
| India | 2023 | -0.57 | -0.65 to -0.49 | 231 |
| Russian Federation | 1946 | -3.06 | -3.72 to -2.43 | 39 |
| Russian Federation | 1947 | -2.84 | -3.50 to -2.18 | 36 |
| Russian Federation | 1948 | -2.88 | -3.39 to -2.39 | 60 |
| Russian Federation | 1949 | -3.10 | -3.52 to -2.68 | 96 |
| Russian Federation | 1950 | -3.16 | -3.64 to -2.69 | 50 |
| Russian Federation | 1951 | -3.17 | -3.76 to -2.58 | 4 |
| Russian Federation | 1952 | -2.72 | -3.17 to -2.28 | 64 |
| Russian Federation | 1953 | -2.75 | -3.35 to -2.12 | 25 |
| Russian Federation | 1954 | -2.84 | -3.52 to -2.16 | 26 |
| Russian Federation | 1955 | -2.94 | -3.68 to -2.22 | 21 |
| Russian Federation | 1956 | -2.84 | -3.24 to -2.48 | 39 |
| Russian Federation | 1957 | -2.81 | -3.30 to -2.31 | 44 |
| Russian Federation | 1958 | -2.86 | -3.38 to -2.31 | 30 |
| Russian Federation | 1959 | -2.73 | -3.22 to -2.19 | 51 |
| Russian Federation | 1960 | -2.30 | -2.93 to -1.72 | 40 |
| Russian Federation | 1961 | -2.40 | -2.73 to -2.10 | 98 |
| Russian Federation | 1962 | -2.31 | -2.68 to -1.94 | 60 |
| Russian Federation | 1963 | -2.87 | -3.36 to -2.37 | 31 |
| Russian Federation | 1965 | -2.44 | -2.99 to -1.88 | 40 |
| Russian Federation | 1966 | -2.15 | -2.60 to -1.68 | 49 |
| Russian Federation | 1967 | -1.56 | -2.00 to -1.17 | 54 |
| Russian Federation | 1968 | -2.10 | -2.66 to -1.58 | 53 |
| Russian Federation | 1969 | -1.64 | -2.25 to -1.09 | 42 |
| Russian Federation | 1970 | -2.54 | -2.94 to -2.11 | 63 |
| Russian Federation | 1971 | -2.53 | -2.85 to -2.17 | 115 |
| Russian Federation | 1972 | -2.20 | -2.58 to -1.81 | 98 |
| Russian Federation | 1973 | -2.24 | -2.64 to -1.84 | 87 |
| Russian Federation | 1974 | -2.20 | -2.69 to -1.71 | 72 |
| Russian Federation | 1975 | -2.44 | -2.79 to -2.07 | 90 |
| Russian Federation | 1976 | -2.05 | -2.46 to -1.65 | 93 |
| Russian Federation | 1977 | -2.49 | -2.83 to -2.14 | 95 |
| Russian Federation | 1978 | -2.38 | -2.67 to -2.08 | 118 |
| Russian Federation | 1979 | -2.18 | -2.45 to -1.93 | 179 |
| Russian Federation | 1980 | -2.12 | -2.44 to -1.80 | 114 |
| Russian Federation | 1981 | -1.87 | -2.17 to -1.60 | 168 |
| Russian Federation | 1982 | -1.72 | -1.98 to -1.47 | 199 |
| Russian Federation | 1983 | -1.74 | -2.00 to -1.50 | 179 |
| Russian Federation | 1984 | -1.22 | -1.44 to -1.02 | 191 |
| Russian Federation | 1985 | -1.50 | -1.73 to -1.26 | 194 |
| Russian Federation | 1986 | -1.22 | -1.46 to -0.98 | 194 |
| Russian Federation | 1987 | -0.91 | -1.17 to -0.66 | 163 |
| Russian Federation | 1988 | -0.86 | -1.13 to -0.60 | 162 |
| Russian Federation | 1989 | -0.59 | -0.83 to -0.37 | 140 |
| Russian Federation | 1990 | -0.09 | -0.27 to 0.09 | 97 |
| Russian Federation | 1991 | 0.73 | 0.60 to 0.86 | 84 |
| Russian Federation | 1992 | 1.29 | 1.13 to 1.45 | 84 |
| Russian Federation | 1993 | 1.25 | 1.09 to 1.43 | 75 |
| Russian Federation | 1994 | 0.99 | 0.81 to 1.18 | 90 |
| Russian Federation | 1995 | 0.95 | 0.79 to 1.11 | 94 |
| Russian Federation | 1996 | 0.67 | 0.51 to 0.83 | 90 |
| Russian Federation | 1997 | 0.72 | 0.55 to 0.90 | 91 |
| Russian Federation | 1998 | 0.59 | 0.43 to 0.75 | 81 |
| Russian Federation | 1999 | 0.32 | 0.18 to 0.45 | 96 |
| Russian Federation | 2000 | 0.18 | 0.01 to 0.33 | 83 |
| Russian Federation | 2001 | 0.15 | -0.00 to 0.30 | 87 |
| Russian Federation | 2002 | -0.20 | -0.34 to -0.08 | 132 |
| Russian Federation | 2003 | 0.28 | 0.14 to 0.42 | 97 |
| Russian Federation | 2004 | 0.06 | -0.06 to 0.19 | 92 |
| Russian Federation | 2005 | 0.05 | -0.08 to 0.19 | 101 |
| Russian Federation | 2006 | -0.08 | -0.23 to 0.05 | 110 |
| Russian Federation | 2007 | 0.02 | -0.12 to 0.14 | 95 |
| Russian Federation | 2008 | -0.14 | -0.29 to -0.01 | 99 |
| Russian Federation | 2009 | 0.01 | -0.12 to 0.15 | 85 |
| Russian Federation | 2010 | -0.03 | -0.18 to 0.12 | 92 |
| Russian Federation | 2011 | -0.09 | -0.25 to 0.06 | 101 |
| Russian Federation | 2012 | -0.18 | -0.35 to -0.02 | 94 |
| Russian Federation | 2013 | -0.28 | -0.43 to -0.11 | 94 |
| Russian Federation | 2014 | -0.18 | -0.35 to -0.03 | 97 |
| Russian Federation | 2015 | -0.10 | -0.25 to 0.06 | 95 |
| Russian Federation | 2016 | -0.55 | -0.71 to -0.39 | 116 |
| Russian Federation | 2017 | 0.06 | -0.07 to 0.18 | 127 |
| Russian Federation | 2018 | -0.50 | -0.62 to -0.38 | 194 |
| Russian Federation | 2019 | -0.28 | -0.42 to -0.16 | 175 |
| Russian Federation | 2020 | -0.40 | -0.53 to -0.27 | 183 |
| Russian Federation | 2021 | -0.78 | -0.89 to -0.67 | 172 |
| Russian Federation | 2022 | -1.41 | -1.54 to -1.29 | 194 |
| Russian Federation | 2023 | -1.27 | -1.38 to -1.18 | 218 |
| United Kingdom | 1946 | 2.42 | 1.79 to 3.08 | 39 |
| United Kingdom | 1947 | 2.19 | 1.58 to 2.85 | 36 |
| United Kingdom | 1948 | 2.12 | 1.61 to 2.70 | 60 |
| United Kingdom | 1949 | 1.82 | 1.53 to 2.11 | 96 |
| United Kingdom | 1950 | 1.20 | 0.89 to 1.49 | 50 |
| United Kingdom | 1951 | 1.19 | 0.73 to 1.68 | 5 |
| United Kingdom | 1952 | 2.22 | 1.83 to 2.62 | 64 |
| United Kingdom | 1953 | 2.17 | 1.76 to 2.62 | 25 |
| United Kingdom | 1954 | 2.67 | 2.04 to 3.25 | 26 |
| United Kingdom | 1955 | 1.42 | 0.92 to 1.89 | 21 |
| United Kingdom | 1956 | 2.12 | 1.64 to 2.63 | 39 |
| United Kingdom | 1957 | 2.03 | 1.58 to 2.49 | 44 |
| United Kingdom | 1958 | 2.51 | 2.08 to 2.96 | 30 |
| United Kingdom | 1959 | 1.93 | 1.62 to 2.25 | 51 |
| United Kingdom | 1960 | 2.19 | 1.81 to 2.58 | 40 |
| United Kingdom | 1961 | 1.75 | 1.51 to 1.99 | 98 |
| United Kingdom | 1962 | 2.06 | 1.72 to 2.43 | 55 |
| United Kingdom | 1963 | 2.03 | 1.64 to 2.42 | 29 |
| United Kingdom | 1965 | 2.11 | 1.79 to 2.46 | 38 |
| United Kingdom | 1966 | 2.32 | 1.99 to 2.62 | 49 |
| United Kingdom | 1967 | 2.35 | 2.02 to 2.70 | 54 |
| United Kingdom | 1968 | 2.16 | 1.86 to 2.50 | 52 |
| United Kingdom | 1969 | 2.16 | 1.87 to 2.45 | 39 |
| United Kingdom | 1970 | 1.94 | 1.73 to 2.16 | 61 |
| United Kingdom | 1971 | 1.64 | 1.50 to 1.80 | 113 |
| United Kingdom | 1972 | 2.17 | 1.98 to 2.38 | 97 |
| United Kingdom | 1973 | 2.17 | 1.99 to 2.37 | 86 |
| United Kingdom | 1974 | 1.74 | 1.52 to 1.97 | 72 |
| United Kingdom | 1975 | 2.00 | 1.79 to 2.18 | 89 |
| United Kingdom | 1976 | 2.38 | 2.15 to 2.61 | 91 |
| United Kingdom | 1977 | 2.04 | 1.84 to 2.23 | 94 |
| United Kingdom | 1978 | 1.96 | 1.78 to 2.15 | 119 |
| United Kingdom | 1979 | 2.13 | 1.99 to 2.28 | 179 |
| United Kingdom | 1980 | 2.00 | 1.84 to 2.16 | 114 |
| United Kingdom | 1981 | 2.04 | 1.89 to 2.19 | 168 |
| United Kingdom | 1982 | 1.99 | 1.86 to 2.13 | 199 |
| United Kingdom | 1983 | 2.01 | 1.89 to 2.14 | 179 |
| United Kingdom | 1984 | 2.10 | 1.98 to 2.23 | 191 |
| United Kingdom | 1985 | 2.12 | 2.00 to 2.24 | 194 |
| United Kingdom | 1986 | 2.17 | 2.06 to 2.28 | 194 |
| United Kingdom | 1987 | 2.18 | 2.03 to 2.31 | 163 |
| United Kingdom | 1988 | 2.26 | 2.14 to 2.38 | 164 |
| United Kingdom | 1989 | 2.32 | 2.17 to 2.47 | 140 |
| United Kingdom | 1990 | 2.39 | 2.23 to 2.57 | 97 |
| United Kingdom | 1991 | 2.22 | 2.03 to 2.41 | 84 |
| United Kingdom | 1992 | 2.10 | 1.93 to 2.27 | 84 |
| United Kingdom | 1993 | 2.21 | 2.00 to 2.42 | 75 |
| United Kingdom | 1994 | 2.26 | 2.05 to 2.48 | 90 |
| United Kingdom | 1995 | 2.14 | 1.90 to 2.37 | 94 |
| United Kingdom | 1996 | 2.09 | 1.85 to 2.31 | 91 |
| United Kingdom | 1997 | 2.00 | 1.75 to 2.25 | 91 |
| United Kingdom | 1998 | 1.73 | 1.51 to 1.95 | 83 |
| United Kingdom | 1999 | 1.72 | 1.54 to 1.91 | 97 |
| United Kingdom | 2000 | 1.69 | 1.50 to 1.89 | 84 |
| United Kingdom | 2001 | 1.66 | 1.48 to 1.87 | 89 |
| United Kingdom | 2002 | 1.45 | 1.31 to 1.60 | 133 |
| United Kingdom | 2003 | 1.65 | 1.48 to 1.82 | 97 |
| United Kingdom | 2004 | 1.56 | 1.38 to 1.74 | 92 |
| United Kingdom | 2005 | 1.60 | 1.42 to 1.78 | 101 |
| United Kingdom | 2006 | 1.50 | 1.34 to 1.66 | 110 |
| United Kingdom | 2007 | 1.59 | 1.44 to 1.74 | 96 |
| United Kingdom | 2008 | 1.53 | 1.37 to 1.68 | 99 |
| United Kingdom | 2009 | 1.48 | 1.32 to 1.65 | 86 |
| United Kingdom | 2010 | 1.69 | 1.52 to 1.87 | 93 |
| United Kingdom | 2011 | 1.59 | 1.41 to 1.77 | 101 |
| United Kingdom | 2012 | 1.66 | 1.48 to 1.84 | 89 |
| United Kingdom | 2013 | 1.71 | 1.52 to 1.90 | 93 |
| United Kingdom | 2014 | 1.77 | 1.58 to 1.96 | 98 |
| United Kingdom | 2015 | 1.78 | 1.59 to 1.97 | 95 |
| United Kingdom | 2016 | 1.73 | 1.54 to 1.94 | 121 |
| United Kingdom | 2017 | 1.79 | 1.61 to 1.96 | 127 |
| United Kingdom | 2018 | 1.71 | 1.55 to 1.88 | 194 |
| United Kingdom | 2019 | 1.76 | 1.60 to 1.93 | 176 |
| United Kingdom | 2020 | 1.82 | 1.65 to 2.01 | 183 |
| United Kingdom | 2021 | 1.95 | 1.77 to 2.13 | 173 |
| United Kingdom | 2022 | 1.63 | 1.44 to 1.84 | 195 |
| United Kingdom | 2023 | 1.66 | 1.49 to 1.82 | 232 |
| United States | 1946 | 1.89 | 1.30 to 2.55 | 39 |
| United States | 1947 | 1.86 | 1.33 to 2.44 | 36 |
| United States | 1948 | 2.00 | 1.52 to 2.53 | 60 |
| United States | 1949 | 1.70 | 1.44 to 1.95 | 96 |
| United States | 1950 | 1.55 | 1.17 to 1.94 | 50 |
| United States | 1951 | 1.55 | 1.03 to 2.08 | 5 |
| United States | 1952 | 1.78 | 1.46 to 2.14 | 64 |
| United States | 1953 | 1.43 | 1.13 to 1.74 | 25 |
| United States | 1954 | 1.18 | 0.82 to 1.56 | 26 |
| United States | 1955 | 2.07 | 1.67 to 2.53 | 21 |
| United States | 1956 | 1.06 | 0.67 to 1.44 | 39 |
| United States | 1957 | 1.18 | 0.90 to 1.47 | 44 |
| United States | 1958 | 1.14 | 0.78 to 1.50 | 30 |
| United States | 1959 | 1.54 | 1.27 to 1.83 | 51 |
| United States | 1960 | 1.89 | 1.54 to 2.26 | 40 |
| United States | 1961 | 1.47 | 1.24 to 1.71 | 98 |
| United States | 1962 | 1.92 | 1.66 to 2.21 | 60 |
| United States | 1963 | 1.77 | 1.43 to 2.11 | 31 |
| United States | 1965 | 2.16 | 1.81 to 2.50 | 40 |
| United States | 1966 | 2.22 | 1.92 to 2.56 | 49 |
| United States | 1967 | 2.47 | 2.15 to 2.82 | 54 |
| United States | 1968 | 2.30 | 1.99 to 2.60 | 53 |
| United States | 1969 | 2.23 | 1.90 to 2.57 | 41 |
| United States | 1970 | 2.25 | 2.01 to 2.49 | 63 |
| United States | 1971 | 1.81 | 1.66 to 1.98 | 114 |
| United States | 1972 | 2.21 | 2.00 to 2.42 | 96 |
| United States | 1973 | 2.26 | 2.06 to 2.46 | 87 |
| United States | 1974 | 2.06 | 1.83 to 2.29 | 72 |
| United States | 1975 | 2.38 | 2.14 to 2.61 | 90 |
| United States | 1976 | 2.77 | 2.52 to 3.03 | 91 |
| United States | 1977 | 2.31 | 2.12 to 2.50 | 94 |
| United States | 1978 | 2.19 | 1.99 to 2.39 | 115 |
| United States | 1979 | 2.24 | 2.09 to 2.39 | 177 |
| United States | 1980 | 2.37 | 2.20 to 2.54 | 114 |
| United States | 1981 | 2.69 | 2.54 to 2.84 | 166 |
| United States | 1982 | 2.63 | 2.50 to 2.78 | 199 |
| United States | 1983 | 2.58 | 2.46 to 2.70 | 179 |
| United States | 1984 | 2.61 | 2.50 to 2.72 | 191 |
| United States | 1985 | 2.70 | 2.58 to 2.82 | 195 |
| United States | 1986 | 2.78 | 2.66 to 2.90 | 194 |
| United States | 1987 | 2.90 | 2.77 to 3.03 | 162 |
| United States | 1988 | 2.90 | 2.77 to 3.02 | 162 |
| United States | 1989 | 3.03 | 2.88 to 3.18 | 140 |
| United States | 1990 | 3.01 | 2.85 to 3.17 | 97 |
| United States | 1991 | 2.93 | 2.75 to 3.12 | 84 |
| United States | 1992 | 2.99 | 2.80 to 3.16 | 84 |
| United States | 1993 | 3.00 | 2.80 to 3.21 | 75 |
| United States | 1994 | 3.08 | 2.85 to 3.33 | 89 |
| United States | 1995 | 2.90 | 2.68 to 3.12 | 94 |
| United States | 1996 | 2.99 | 2.76 to 3.23 | 91 |
| United States | 1997 | 3.06 | 2.83 to 3.29 | 91 |
| United States | 1998 | 2.82 | 2.62 to 3.02 | 81 |
| United States | 1999 | 2.58 | 2.40 to 2.76 | 97 |
| United States | 2000 | 2.65 | 2.47 to 2.84 | 83 |
| United States | 2001 | 2.69 | 2.50 to 2.89 | 89 |
| United States | 2002 | 2.28 | 2.13 to 2.43 | 133 |
| United States | 2003 | 2.80 | 2.61 to 2.97 | 97 |
| United States | 2004 | 2.73 | 2.56 to 2.90 | 92 |
| United States | 2005 | 2.74 | 2.57 to 2.91 | 101 |
| United States | 2006 | 2.66 | 2.50 to 2.81 | 110 |
| United States | 2007 | 2.76 | 2.60 to 2.92 | 96 |
| United States | 2008 | 2.58 | 2.40 to 2.75 | 99 |
| United States | 2009 | 2.47 | 2.30 to 2.65 | 84 |
| United States | 2010 | 2.51 | 2.32 to 2.69 | 92 |
| United States | 2011 | 2.52 | 2.33 to 2.71 | 101 |
| United States | 2012 | 2.54 | 2.35 to 2.72 | 94 |
| United States | 2013 | 2.62 | 2.42 to 2.81 | 94 |
| United States | 2014 | 2.67 | 2.47 to 2.86 | 98 |
| United States | 2015 | 2.64 | 2.43 to 2.84 | 95 |
| United States | 2016 | 2.58 | 2.37 to 2.78 | 120 |
| United States | 2017 | 2.70 | 2.51 to 2.90 | 127 |
| United States | 2018 | 2.59 | 2.42 to 2.75 | 193 |
| United States | 2019 | 2.55 | 2.38 to 2.71 | 176 |
| United States | 2020 | 2.60 | 2.43 to 2.76 | 183 |
| United States | 2021 | 2.45 | 2.29 to 2.61 | 172 |
| United States | 2022 | 2.11 | 1.93 to 2.29 | 195 |
| United States | 2023 | 1.99 | 1.84 to 2.13 | 232 |
Source and citation
Bailey, Strezhnev & Voeten (2017), 'Estimating Dynamic State Preferences from United Nations Voting Data', Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(2): 430-456; Harvard Dataverse hdl:1902.1/12379 (CC0); file IdealpointsJuly2025.tab, dataset version 39.0. The estimates are the authors' work, reproduced unchanged under the dataset's CC0 licence; we did not re-estimate them. The model uses the General Assembly roll calls only. See the methodology for how this differs from the agreement figures elsewhere on this site.